Texas State Senate

Texas State Senate

Summary

The Texas Senate (Spanish: Senado de Texas) is the upper house of the Texas State Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas, with populations of approximately 806,000 per constituency, based on the 2010 U.S. Census. There are no term limits, and each term is four years long. Elections are held in even-numbered years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. In elections in years ending in 2, all seats are up for election. Half of the senators will serve a two-year term, based on a drawing; the other half will fill regular four-year terms. In the case of the latter, they or their successors will be up for two-year terms in the next year that ends in 0. As such, in other elections, about half of the Texas Senate is on the ballot. The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The Republicans currently control the chamber, which is made up of 18 Republicans and 13 Democrats.

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OnAir Post: Texas State Senate

Wikipedia

The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas Legislature, with the Texas House of Representatives functioning as the lower house. Together, they form the state legislature of the state of Texas.

The Senate is made up of 31 members, where each represents a single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas, with populations of approximately 940,000 per constituency, based on the 2020 U.S. Census. Elections are held in even-numbered years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

Senators serve four year terms, with no term limits. Senators are divided into two groups based in part on the intervening Census:

  • In elections in years ending in "2" (the election after the Census), all 31 seats are up for election.
  • Once the Senate meets in session after said election, the Senators will participate in a drawing to determine their election cycle:
    • One-half will have a 2-4-4 cycle, whereupon the seat would stand for election after two years (the year ending in "4"), then again in four years (the year ending in "8"), then finally in another four years (coinciding with all seats standing for election in the year ending in "2").
    • The other half will have a 4-4-2 cycle, whereupon the seat would stand for election after four years (the year ending in "6"), then again in four years (the year ending in "0"), then finally in only two years (coinciding with all seats standing for election in the year ending in "2").

As such, every two years, almost half of the senate is up for election.

The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The Republicans currently control the chamber, which is made up of 20 Republicans and 11 Democrats.

Leadership

The Lieutenant Governor of Texas serves as the President of the Senate. Unlike most lieutenant governors who are constitutionally designated as presiding officers of the upper house, the Lieutenant Governor regularly presides over the chamber rather than delegate this role to the President Pro Tempore. The Lieutenant Governor's duties include appointing chairs of committees, committee members, assigning and referring bills to specific committees, recognizing members during debate, and making procedural rulings. The Lieutenant Governor may also cast a vote should a Senate floor vote end in a tie. If the Senate votes to dissolve itself into the Committee of the Whole, in which all members are part of the Committee, the President Pro-Tempore presides over the proceedings, with the Lieutenant Governor acting as a regular voting member. Due to the various powers of committee selection and bill assignment, the Lieutenant Governor of Texas is considered one of the most powerful lieutenant governorships in the United States.

Unlike other state legislatures, the Texas Senate does not have official majority or minority leaders. Instead, the President Pro Tempore is considered the second most powerful position, regardless of part affiliation. Presidents Pro Tempore are usually the most senior members of the Senate. The President Pro Tempore presides when the Lieutenant Governor is not present or when the legislature is not in regular session.

Leaders

PositionNamePartyResidenceDistrict
Lieutenant Governor/President of the SenateDan PatrickRepublicanHoustonElected Statewide
President Pro TemporeCharles SchwertnerRepublicanGeorgetown5

History

Quorum-busting

Further information: Twelfth Texas Legislature § Rump Senate

There have been at least three cases of quorum-busting in Texas Senate history. The first case was in 1870, with the Rump Senate, followed by the 1979 Killer Bees[1] and finally the "Texas Eleven" in August 2003 during the controversial mid-decade redistricting plan at the time.[2]

Committee structure

The following represents the Senate committee structure for the 88th Legislature (numbers in parentheses are the number of committee members, as appointed by the President of the Texas Senate).[3]

  • Administration (7)
  • Border Security (5)
  • Business and Commerce (11)
  • Criminal Justice (7)
  • Education (13)
    • Under this Committee, a Subcommittee on Higher Education (5)
  • Finance (17)
  • Health & Human Services (9)
  • Jurisprudence (5)
  • Local Government (9)
  • Natural Resources and Economic Development (9)
  • Nominations (9)
  • State Affairs (11)
  • Transportation (9)
  • Veteran Affairs (7)
  • Water, Agriculture and Rural Affairs (9)

In addition to these committees, there are also six joint committees composed of members of both the State Senate and House:

Current composition

↓
1120
DemocraticRepublican
AffiliationParty
(shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
RepublicanDemocraticVacant
2011–121912310
2013–141912310
2015-162011310
2017–182011310
2019–201912310
2021–221813310
2023–241912310
2025-262011310
Latest voting share64.5%35.5%
Senate districts and party affiliation after the 2022 election
  Republican Party
  Democratic Party

Current members, 2025–2027

DistrictImageSenatorPartyResidenceFirst electedNext election
1Bryan HughesRepMineola20162026
2Bob HallRepEdgewood20142026
3Robert NicholsRepJacksonville20062026
4Brandon CreightonRepConroe2014†2026
5Charles SchwertnerRepGeorgetown20122026
6Carol AlvaradoDemHouston2018†2028
7Paul BettencourtRepHouston20142028
8Angela PaxtonRepMcKinney20182028
9Kelly HancockRepFort Worth20122026
10Phil KingRepWeatherford20222028
11Mayes MiddletonRepFriendswood20222026
12Tan ParkerRepFlower Mound20222028
13Borris MilesDemHouston20162026
14Sarah EckhardtDemAustin2020†2028
15Molly CookDemHouston2024†2028
16Nathan JohnsonDemDallas20182028
17Joan HuffmanRepHouston2008†2028
18Lois KolkhorstRepBrenham2014†2026
19Roland GutierrezDemSan Antonio20202026
20Juan HinojosaDemMcAllen20022028
21Judith ZaffiriniDemLaredo19862026
22Brian BirdwellRepGranbury2010†2026
23Texas_State_Rep._Royce_West_2021_(cropped)Royce WestDemDallas19922028
24Pete FloresRepPleasanton20222026
25Donna CampbellRepNew Braunfels20122028
26Jose MenendezDemSan Antonio2015†2026
27Adam HinojosaRepCorpus Christi20242028
28Charles PerryRepLubbock2014†2026
29Cesar BlancoDemEl Paso20202028
30Brent HagenbuchRepDenton20242028
31Kevin SparksRepMidland20222026

† Elected in a special election

Notable past members

Past composition of the Senate

Main article: Political party strength in Texas

The Senate was continuously held by Democrats from the end of the Reconstruction era until the Seventy-fifth Texas Legislature was seated in 1997, at which point Republicans took control. The Republican Party has maintained its control of the Senate since then.

Obsolete districts

See also

Notes

  1. ^ This committees has six members: the Speaker of the House and the Lieutenant Governor (who serve as joint chairs), the Chair of the Senate Finance Committee, the Chairs of the House Appropriations and Ways and Means Committees, and one Senator appointed by the Lieutenant Governor; the Committee in turn hires and oversees the State Auditor of Texas.
  2. ^ This committee has ten members: the Speaker of the House and the Lieutenant Governor (who serve as joint chairs), the Chair of the Senate Finance Committee, the Chairs of the House Appropriations and Ways and Means Committees, three Senators appointed by the Lieutenant Governor, and two Representatives appointed by the Speaker.
  3. ^ This committee has six members: the Speaker of the House and the Lieutenant Governor the Chair of the House Appropriations Committee, two Senators appointed by the Lieutenant Governor, and one Representative appointed by the Speaker.
  4. ^ This committee has 14 members: the Speaker of the House and the Lieutenant Governor (who serve as joint chairs), the Chair of the House Administration Committee, six Senators appointed by the Lieutenant Governor, and five Representatives appointed by the Speaker.

References

  1. ^ "12 Texas State Senators, Claiming Political Victory, Come Out of Hiding". New York Times. May 23, 1979. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  2. ^ Fikac, Peggy, August 21, 2003, Senators' 1870 walkout also drew GOP's wrath Reconstruction-era tiff led to arrests and one expulsion, San Antonio Express-News
  3. ^ "Wednesday, January 11, 2023 - 2nd Day".
  4. ^ "Texas State Auditor's Office - Legislative Audit Committee".
  5. ^ "Legislative Budget Board".
  6. ^ "Legislative Reference Library |". lrl.texas.gov. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  7. ^ "Texas Legislative Council". tlc.texas.gov.

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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Senate

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